Self-Censorship Orientation: Scale Development, Correlates and Outcomes

Authors

  • Keren Sharvit
    Department of Psychology and Program for Peace and Conflict Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  • Daniel Bar-Tal
    School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • Boaz Hameiri
    School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
  • Anat Zafran
    Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
  • Eldad Shahar
    School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • Amiram Raviv
    School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychology, The College for Academic Studies, Or-Yehuda, Israel

Abstract

Self-censorship is defined as intentionally and voluntarily withholding information from others in absence of formal obstacles. We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal research to develop a quantitative measure of individuals’ Self-Censorship Orientation (SCO) and investigated its correlates and outcomes in the context of the intractable Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Stage 1 investigated the factor structure of the scale and its convergent and discriminant validity in a representative sample (N = 499). Findings revealed two negatively related factors representing preferences for self-censorship and for disclosure of information. The factors were distinct from measures of similar constructs and correlated as expected with variables representing conservatism, ingroup commitment and universalistic values. In Stage 2, participants were re-surveyed five months later to establish test-retest reliability and predictive validity. SCO factors assessed at Stage 1 predicted readiness to conceal or reveal information portraying the ingroup’s conduct in the conflict negatively beyond all Stage 1 measures. The SCO scale provides a reliable and valid instrument for future investigations of self-censorship and its individual and societal implications.